JAMMED with SLOP
Jumping to a conclusion
All or nothing thought
Mental filter
Magnification
Emotional reasoning
Discounting a positive
Should statement
Labelling
Over generalization
Personalization or blame
Cognitive Distortion
Ten Forms of a Self-Defeating Thought
http://www.skysite.org/primer/distortions.html
1. Jumping to a conclusion
I interpret a thing negatively when there is little or no fact to support my conclusion.
Mind reading: Without checking it out, I arbitrarily conclude that someone is reacting negatively to me or has a certain motivation.
Fortune telling: I predict that a thing will turn out badly. Before a test I may tell myself, 'I'm really going to blow it. What if I flunk?' If I'm depressed Imay tell myself, 'I'll never get better.'
I might ask myself: What evidence do I REALLY have? How much is this other person struggling? I might let it go a little bit.
2. All or nothing thought
I see a thing in a black or a white category. If a situation falls a bit short of perfect, I see it as a total failure.
When a person on a diet ate a spoonful of ice cream, they told themself, 'I've blown my diet completely.' They upset them so much with this thought that they gobbled down an entire bucket of ice cream!
I might ask myself: How bad is this REALLY? How much might I salvage to grow from this?
An ice-cube is less than an ice-berg.
3. Mental filter
I pick out a single negative detail and dwell on it exclusively, so that my vision of all of reality becomes darkened, like a drop of ink that discolours a beaker of water.
Example: I receive many positive comments about my presentation to a group of associates at work, and one of them says something mildly critical. I obsess about this reaction for days and ignore all the positive feedback.
I might ask myself: Where is a weight of evidence? Where is a positive I might build on? The ink only spreads, in this case, if I MAKE it spread. It isn't ink at all.
4. Magnification
I exaggerate an importance of a problem or shortcoming, or I minimize the importance of a desirable quality of mine.
This is also called a 'binocular trick.'
I might ask myself: Where is a positive? How might I build on this? A thing tends not to last.
5. Emotional reasoning
I assume that a negative emotion of mine necessarily reflects a way a thing really is: 'I feel a bit afraid about going on an airplane. It must be very dangerous to fly.' Or 'I feel a bit guilty - I must be a rotten person.' Or 'I feel a bit angry - this proves I'm being treated unfairly.' Or ‘I feel a bit inferior - this means I'm a second-rate person.' Or 'I feel a bit hopeless - it must really be hopeless.'
I might ask myself: How reasonable is it to make a bit of a feeling equal a bit of reality?
Look at the USA tool in REBT.
Listen to Hank Robb’s Podcast on “ACTing SMART."
6. Discounting a positive
I reject a positive experience by insisting 'it doesn't count.'
When I do a good job, I may tell myself that it wasn't good enough or that anyone could have done as well.
Discounting a positive takes a bit of joy out of my life and I make myself feel a bit inadequate and a bit unrewarded.
I might ask myself: What helpful thing might I say to someone else who has done this? I might say “Thank you!” when complimented. I might build on a success of mine – find it; enjoy it! "A bit of progress, rather than a bit of perfection" J
7. "Should statement"
I tell myself that a thing should be a way that I hope or expect it to be.
After playing a difficult piece on the piano, a gifted pianist told themself, 'I shouldn't have made a mistake.' They made themself feel so disgusted that they quit practicing for several days. 'Must,' 'ought' or 'have to' are a similar offender.
'Should statement' that is directed against myself tends to lead to a bit of guilt or frustration.
Should statement that is directed against another person or the world in general tends to lead to anger or frustration: 'They shouldn't be so stubborn or argumentative'
A person may try to motivate themself with a should or a shouldn’t, as if they were a delinquent who has to be punished before they can be expected to do a thing. 'I shouldn't eat that doughnut.'
This usually doesn't work because a should or must tends to cause me to feel a bit rebellious and to get an urge to do just the opposite.
It is called a 'shouldy' approach to life.
I might ask myself: Why 'should' it? Why 'must' it? Why 'ought' it? It would be nice if it wasthe way I prefer ir to be, however my life will go on regardless. I might look for a bit of progress rather than a bit of perfection.
8. Labelling
Labelling is an extreme form of all-or-nothing thought.
Instead of saying 'I made a mistake' I attach a negative label to myself. 'I'm a loser.'
I might also label myself 'a fool' or 'a failure' or 'a jerk.'
Labelling is unhelpful because I am more than a thing that I do.
As a complex human being I exist - a simple 'fool' or 'loser' or 'jerk' does not.
A label is a useless abstraction that tends to lead to anger, anxiety, frustration, or low self- esteem.
I may also label another person.
When a person does a thing that rubs me the wrong way, I may tell myself: 'They're a S.O.B Then I feel that a problem is with that person's 'character' or 'essence' instead of with a thought or behaviour of theirs.
I tend to see them as 'totally bad.'
This causes me to feel hostile or hopeless about improving a thing and leaves little room for constructive communication.
I might ask myself: Is this ALL you, or they, are?
Aren't I much more sophisticated and valuable than one, two or fifty things that I have done?
"Once I have an opinion of someone, I cease to experience the person and just experience my opinion of them."
This works for me as well as for them.
I might consider giving ME or THEM a little bit of room to just be – no one thing speaks about all things in a person.
9. Over-generalization
I see a single negative or unhelpful event, such as a romantic rejection or a career reversal as a never-ending pattern of defeat by using words such as 'always' or 'never' when I think about it.
A depressed salesman became terribly upset when he noticed bird dung on the windshield of his car. He told himself, 'Just my luck! Birds are always pooping on my car!'
I might ask myself: How possible is it that this will ALWAYS or NEVER occur? In what way might I be limiting myself with this?
10. Personalization or blame
Personalization occurs when I hold myself personally responsible for an event that isn't entirely under my control.
When a person received a note that their child was having a difficulty in school, they told themself, 'this shows what a bad parent I am,' instead of trying to pinpoint a cause of this problem so that they could be a bit helpful to their child.
When another person's partner beat them, they told themself, "lf only I were better in bed, they wouldn't beat me."
Personalization tends to lead to guilt, shame, or a feeling of inadequacy.
A person might do an opposite.
They might blame another person or a circumstance for a problem of theirs, and they overlook a way that they might be contributing to this problem.
Labelling is unhelpful because I am more than a thing that I do.
As a complex human being I exist - a simple 'fool' or 'loser' or 'jerk' does not.
A label is a useless abstraction that tends to lead to anger, anxiety, frustration, or low self- esteem.
I may also label another person.
When a person does a thing that rubs me the wrong way, I may tell myself: 'They're a S.O.B Then I feel that a problem is with that person's 'character' or 'essence' instead of with a thought or behaviour of theirs.
I tend to see them as 'totally bad.'
This causes me to feel hostile or hopeless about improving a thing and leaves little room for constructive communication.
I might ask myself: Is this ALL you, or they, are?
Aren't I much more sophisticated and valuable than one, two or fifty things that I have done?
"Once I have an opinion of someone, I cease to experience the person and just experience my opinion of them."
This works for me as well as for them.
I might consider giving ME or THEM a little bit of room to just be – no one thing speaks about all things in a person.
9. Over-generalization
I see a single negative or unhelpful event, such as a romantic rejection or a career reversal as a never-ending pattern of defeat by using words such as 'always' or 'never' when I think about it.
A depressed salesman became terribly upset when he noticed bird dung on the windshield of his car. He told himself, 'Just my luck! Birds are always pooping on my car!'
I might ask myself: How possible is it that this will ALWAYS or NEVER occur? In what way might I be limiting myself with this?
10. Personalization or blame
Personalization occurs when I hold myself personally responsible for an event that isn't entirely under my control.
When a person received a note that their child was having a difficulty in school, they told themself, 'this shows what a bad parent I am,' instead of trying to pinpoint a cause of this problem so that they could be a bit helpful to their child.
When another person's partner beat them, they told themself, "lf only I were better in bed, they wouldn't beat me."
Personalization tends to lead to guilt, shame, or a feeling of inadequacy.
A person might do an opposite.
They might blame another person or a circumstance for a problem of theirs, and they overlook a way that they might be contributing to this problem.
'The reason my marriage is so lousy is because my spouse is totally unreasonable.'
Blame usually doesn't work very well because another person is likely to resent being a scapegoat and they will just toss some blame right back in my lap.
It's like a game of hot potato - no-one wants to get stuck with it.
I might ask myself: Does it matter so much who or what caused this?
What might I do a bit of now to move forward?
Blame usually doesn't work very well because another person is likely to resent being a scapegoat and they will just toss some blame right back in my lap.
It's like a game of hot potato - no-one wants to get stuck with it.
I might ask myself: Does it matter so much who or what caused this?
What might I do a bit of now to move forward?
"For me to blame
someone else - shows a lack of maturity and a lack of education.
To blame myself - my education has begun and I am starting to mature.
To blame
no-one and get on with a solution, or a helpful thing I might do, or an unhelpful thing I might not do,
as a result - my education is complete and I have matured a bit.”
- Phil Viney
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